Clement John ("Jack") De Garis (22 November 1884 – 17 August 1926) was an Australian entrepreneur and aviator, noted for his colourful marketing style and work in the dried fruits industries in the Sunraysia area around Mildura in the 1920s.[1]
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De Garis went to Mildura State School where he was described as an above average student.[2] However, he left at the age of nine to work in his father's businesses in Mildura. He returned to school for his secondary education at his father's urging, boarding at Wesley College, Melbourne from 1899 to 1901 where he rose to become dux of his class.
Described as being short in stature, he capitalised on an affectionate smile and a magnetic personality. Nevertheless, he excelled in school cricket and football where his lack of height of 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) and weight of 43 kilograms (95 lb) confounded coaches and opposition players.[2]
De Garis' father, Elizee De Garis, had established a successful market garden business in Mildura from about 1885.[3] In 1908 the day-to-day business was left to Jack, and Elisha moved to Melbourne establish a selling agency for the business. Jack was just 17, but had a strong self-belief and effervescent charm. Theatrical entrepreneur Claude Kingston described him as the 'prince of ballyhoo'.[1]
He expanded the business rapidly, in 1910 borrowing heavily to establish a packing shed Sarnia Packing Pty Ltd, which later became part of Sunbeam Foods Group. In 1913 he borrowed again to purchase the 10,009 acres (4,050 ha) Pyap Village Estate at Pyap, near Loxton in South Australia.[2] The estate was moderately successful as a farm produce settlement for several years until about 1921 when it was broken up and sold to fund the Kendenup venture.[4] £23,000 was raised from the sale.
In 1919, a shortage of shipping space hit the dried fruits industry which was at this time, highly dependent on British markets. Knowing of his ability to market, the Australian Dried Fruits Association funded him to undertake an Australia-wide American-style publicity campaign to increase domestic consumption.[5] De Garis also expanded into book publishing as well as producing the Sunraysia Daily newspaper in Mildura which employed nearly 100 staff.
Also in 1919, an American con-man named George Henry Cochrane emerged in Mildura. Cochrane wrote for The Bulletin as Grant Hervey and had recently been released from prison for forgery and uttering. Cochrane presented himself to two thousand Mildura citizens, selling the idea that the town should secede from Victoria. He started receiving the ₤5 subscriptions before De Garis exposed his true identity and criminal record.[6]
As part of his dried fruits marketing he travelled to Western Australia where in 1920 he purchased the 47,000 acres (19,000 ha) property of the Hassell family at Kendenup for the purpose of building a new settlement to grow apples, potatoes and farm produce.[7] De Garis subdivided the land into blocks ranging from 10 acres (4.0 ha) to 60 acres (24 ha). He set up companies, the De Garis Kendenup (W.A.) Development Company and the Kendenup Fruit Packing Company which ran a dehydrating factory to process vegetables and fruit grown by the 350 settlers which he had encouraged into the area. In December 1921, De Garis was living there himself and the enterprise was underway — a townsite was established. However, the settlement had insufficient capital and eventually foundered, also because of the uneconomical small lot sizes allocated. De Garis travelled to the United States to raise urgently needed capital which was promised but did not eventuate. After two years only 30 settlers remained.
The collapse of the settlement was the subject of a 1923 Western Australian Royal Commission into Kendenup land schemes in which fraud had been alleged.[8] He was later exonerated of the charges.
As part of his publicity campaign for the Australian Dried Fruits Assocoation, De Garis engaged the services of popular composer Reginald Stoneham to put tunes to promotional lyrics he had written. The resulting Sun-Raysed Waltz was published as sheet music.[9] This collaboration must have enthused De Garis, as he and Stoneham then worked on an ambitious "mystery" musical comedy F.F.F., which had a short but successful season for Hugh D. McIntosh's Tivoli theatres in Adelaide, Perth and Melbourne in late 1920.
De Garis described himself as an aviator, however the reality was that he owned several aeroplanes and employed pilots and navigators to ferry him between Australian cities and his business interests. Nevertheless, in an era of pioneer aviation, his frequent involvement was considered relatively dangerous and at one stage he was asked by investors to refrain from use of aeroplanes for transport.
With his pilots, he set several interstate flying records.[1]
His first plane was a Boulton Paul P.9 90 hp (67 kW) which he acquired in June 1920 and was flown by pilot Lieutenant A.L. Lang. (AFC).[10] Later in 1920 he purchased a Sopwith Gnu for £1,800 after the P.9 had crashed; employing Lieutenant F.S. Triggs as his permanent pilot.[11] He then also purchased an Airco DH.4.
His first major interstate flight was in the DH.4 from Melbourne to Perth, a distance of 2,169 miles (3,491 km), landing at Belmont Park Racecourse on 2 December 1920 after 19 hours 10 minutes. One stretch of 1,105 miles (1,778 km) was done in 8¾ hours. The mechanic was Sergeant Stoward and the flight was the first to cross Australia from east to west. The three aviators were given a mayoral reception on their arrival in Perth.
A few weeks later on 14 December they flew from Perth to Sydney, a distance of 2,462 miles (3,962 km) in a time of 21½ hours.
Other notable flights were from Mildura to Sydney (5½ hours) to Brisbane (4 hours 50 minutes) in January 1921. On 16 January they attempted a one-day flight from Brisbane to Melbourne, achieving it between 6:15 am and 7:20 pm with a flying time of 10½ hours. Stopovers were made in Grafton, Sydney and Cootamundra.[12]
The Kendenup collapse coincided with a number of other financial failures within his empire. With mounting debts, he faked his own suicide by drowning in Port Phillip on 5 January 1925, having written almost seventy farewell letters.[1] He became the subject of an eight-day nationwide search and was apprehended the following week on a boat bound for New Zealand.[1] De Garis gassed himself and died the following year at his Mornington home on 17 August 1926 with debts of £420,000.[2]
Shortly before he died, an autobiographical novel Victories of Failure: A Business Romance (1925) was published in which he described his life and business career in great detail under the pseudonym of "K.J. Rogers".[2][4]
De Garis married Rene née Corbould in September 1907 and they divorced in May 1923. The following month he married his former private secretary Violet née Austin with whom he had one daughter. De Garis is buried at Brighton Cemetery in Melbourne.[1][2]